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Author Guidelines
All scientific contributions are assessed initially by the Editor-in-Chief. Those manuscripts failing to reach the required priority rating, failing to comply with the Instructions to Authors, or not fitting within the scope of the journal are not considered further and are returned to authors without detailed comments. It should be noted that rebuttals that challenge rejections based on priority and/or scope alone will rarely be successful since such a decision is necessarily a matter of opinion.
Manuscripts meeting the requirements will be peer-reviewed on the criteria of originality and quality. Authors may suggest up to three potential referees as optional. Please provide their email addresses, institution, and academic title. If the decision following review is "reject subject to major revision", a revised version may be submitted, but if major issues with the revised version are still identified by the reviewers, it will then be rejected outright. On acceptance, papers may be subjected to editorial changes. Responsibility for the factual accuracy of a paper rests entirely with the author.
All instances of publishing misconduct, including, but not limited to, plagiarism, data fabrication, image/data manipulation to falsify/enhance results, manipulation of the reviewing process, etc., will result in rejection/retraction of the manuscript.
All responsibility for the scientific content of the articles to be published in the journal belongs to the author(s). "Copyright Form" and "Conflict of Interest Statement" forms (for the details please visit the journal specific web site) must be signed by all authors and uploaded to the journal's online application system as a separate supplementary file by the responsible author. During the upload of the article to the system, the names, the institution's addresses, e-mail, and ORCID ID's of all authors must be entered in the metadata section. n addition, the abstract and references of the article should be entered in the metadata section. If any mentioned information is missing, the article will be returned to the corresponding author to complete the information.
Ethical committee approval should be obtained for the studies on clinical or experimental in humans or animals and ethics committee reports should be attached when submitting the manuscript. Additionally, this approval should be stated in the article. After the acceptance of the manuscript, the authors, and the order of the authors cannot be changed.
After the referee evaluation, the articles that need revision are sent to the author/s electronically through the Journal' electronic system. The author/s should take into account the comments of the referee/s and explain the comments and criticisms one by one. They must also prepare a detailed explanation in case they disagree with the reviewers' criticism. The revisions of the articles that have passed the referee evaluations should be uploaded to the system with the correction list within 30 days at the latest, and the article revision process must be completed. The specified period may be extended by the author's request for additional time or by the decision of the Editor-in-Chief. Otherwise, the existing article is considered a newly submitted article. Before making the final decision, the Editor-in-Chief reviews the revisions and corrections made by the author/s and makes the final decision on whether to publish the article.
Statement of Ethics in Research and Publication
The publication of peer-reviewed articles in agreement with the rules of Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement is an essential model for the Black Sea Journals. It is necessary to agree upon standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing: the author, the journal editor, the peer reviewer, and the publisher.
The journal's ethical statements are based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the Council of Science Editors (CSE) Editorial policy statements.
Black Sea Journals endorses the Higher Education Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Guidelines rules and will pursue cases of suspected research and publication misconduct. Additionally, this journal is following of COPE and complies with the highest ethical standards in accordance with ethical laws.
Preparation of Manuscript (APA 7.0 Style)
As the basic writing rules, the article works sent must be written in accordance with the APA (6.0) style. You can download the Black Sea Journals Manuscript Template (Sample) from the journal specific web pages.
General Format
The authors should consider the following sections to provide guidelines on how to prepare and compose your manuscript. Please read these standards to ensure a smooth peer-review and production process.
The manuscript must be double-spaced in Times New Roman font 12-point size. Leave a line space between paragraphs and sections. All pages should be numbered consecutively in the bottom center, beginning with the title page.
The lines on all pages, including those pages for references, figures, and tables must be numbered consecutively in the left margin, beginning with number one at the top of the title page. A 2.5 cm margin on both sides of the page is desirable.
Special words do not underline; use italics instead. Weights and measures must be expressed in the SI unit (metric) system, and temperatures in the Celsius (centigrade) scale.
Tables are double-spaced and should be as few and as simple as is feasible. Each table should be on a separate sheet.
Figures and photographs should be carefully prepared so a clear image can be printed.
Authors must declare any financial support or relationships that may pose a conflict of interest.
Manuscript preparation is similar to original research articles, reviews, short communication, or technical notes.
Sectioning and Structure
The manuscript should be organized in the following sequence: title page, abstract, keywords, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, ethics committee approval (for the human survey and animal experimental or clinical studies), conflict of interest, acknowledgments (optional), references, tables, and figures.
1) Title page
The title page should be included in the following items;
The type of the manuscript should be specified on the title page; such as research article, review, short communication, or technical notes.
The title of the manuscript should be typed in bold-faced print using both upper and lower-case letters and set in the center of the page.
The title length of the manuscript must be limited to 250 characters, including spaces. Abbreviations are not permitted in the title.
Full names of all authors should be provided with the family name and indications of professorial rank or other professional titles should not be used.
The address of the institution that was conducted should include the name of the institution, city, zip code, and country. DOI number and e-mail information of all authors must be given on the cover page. The authors should be marked with "1" "2" "3", which should appear in superscript at the top right-hand corner of the author's name and at the beginning of each institution.
The name, e-mail, and telephone number of the corresponding author. The corresponding author should be marked with "*".
2) Abstract and Keywords
The abstract is required for all articles types (original research articles, reviews, short communication, case reports, etc.). The abstract should be one paragraph without sections and should not exceed 450 words (minimum 100 words), following the title page. The abstract should be free of references and abbreviations. The abstract should summarize pertinent results in a brief but understandable form.
At the end of the abstract, at least three and up to six keywords that best describe the content of the research should be listed. The term "Keywords" should appear in bold, followed by a colon. The first letter of each keyword is capitalized, separated by a comma, and should be ordered in order of importance.
3) Introduction
The introduction should put forth the related background to the study, explain why the study was done, and specify the hypotheses to be tested. An extensive discussion of relevant literature should be included in the discussion of results, not in the introduction.
4) Materials and Methods
The materials and methods should present essential details, experimental design, and statistical analysis. A clear description or original reference is required for all biological, analytical, and statistical procedures used in the study. All modifications of procedures must be explained. Treatments and measurements should be described clearly. Statistical models and methods of analyze should be described clearly and fully.
5) Results
The results should present the findings of the study. The results of the study should be presented in the table, and data means (numbers) should not be repeated broadly in the text. The results should be separate from the discussion and written in the past tense. Results and Discussion can be combined if the editor accepts.
6) Discussion
The discussion should assess the results clearly and concisely in terms of biological mechanisms. Previous findings in the discussion should not be repeated; the author's results in the broader context of other studies on the subject interpret them with a minimum of speculation. The discussion should integrate with the research findings of other studies to provide the readers with a broad base for understanding whether the hypotheses tested were accepted or rejected.
7) Conflict of interest
The corresponding author must inform the editor of potential conflicts of interest that could influence the author's interpretation of the data.
8) Acknowledgments (optional)
The acknowledgments should be as brief as possible
9) References
References should be organized according to the APA system. Examples and exceptions are listed below;
In the text, references should be cited in brackets and sorted chronologically.
Samples;
Onder et al. (2015)
Sen and Kuran (2017)
Sen (2014)
(Wu et al., 2006; Kenyon and Blair, 2014; Sen, 2015)
In the references section, the references should be sorted alphabetically. All sources must be referred to in a consistent manner. Journals titles should be abbreviated according to the conventional ISO abbreviations used by PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals). The sample references are given below.
Journal Articles
Author 1, A. B., & Author 2, C. D. (Year). Title of the article. Full Journal Name (not an abbreviation), Volume (Issue), page range. (if any: https://doi.org/xxxx)
Books
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of the book: If there is a subtitle, it is written here (edition number, if any). Publisher.
Book Chapters
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Chapter title: Subtitle added if any. In Editor, E. E. (Ed.), Book title: Subtitle (edition number, pp. xx–xx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxx (if any)
Conference Papers
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title: Subtitle is added if any. Congress or symposium name (Page range). Publishing institution.
Thesis
Author, A. A. (Year). Thesis title (Doctoral dissertation, University name, Institute name). URL or DOI (if any)
Author, A. A. (Year). Thesis title (Master's thesis, University name, Institute name). URL or DOI (if any)
Internet Addressed Articles or Reports
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title: Ýf any subtitle. Publication name or organization. URL (accessed on Day Month Year).
10) Tables
Any abbreviation used in a table must be defined in that table. Tables should be double-spaced with each table on a separate sheet. The font size can be changed according to the size of the Table/s. All tables should be cited in the text. The title of the table continues on the same line with only the first letter capitalized. For numerals less than 1, a zero should be inserted to the left of the decimal point, and if possible, columns should be center-aligned. If there are no data for a particular entry, a hyphen should be inserted. If an explanation is necessary, an abbreviation can be used in the body of the table (e.g., ND) and it should be explained clearly in the footnotes. References to footnotes in a table are to be specified by superscript numbers, independently for each table. Superscript letters are used to designate statistical significance. Use a lower-case p to indicate probability values (i.e., P<0.05). Presentation of pooled standard errors, the general basis for statistical comparisons of means, is recommended when a variance is homogeneous. These should be presented in a separate column or row. Standard errors can be attached to each mean by ± signs when variance or SE is heterogeneous (e.g., unbalanced experiments or unequal numbers of observations in treatment means).
11) Figures
Figures should be placed at the end of the manuscript, with each figure on a separate page. Figures should fit in one column (8 cm wide), or full-page width (17 cm wide). Unnecessary backgrounds and grid lines should be removed from graphs. Each axis should have a description and a unit. For bar charts, different fill patterns may be used if needed (black, white, gray, and stripes). The preferred file type for figures is JPEG, TIFF, or PPT. The minimum resolution is 300 dpi for color and grayscale figures, and 600 dpi for line art. A caption should be prepared to provide sufficient information and all abbreviations, and the symbols used in the figure should be defined in the caption. The figure caption should be prepared at bottom of the figure.
12) Equations
The Equations should be numbered, and the formula number should be shown in parentheses on the right side of the formula. The main characters and variables should be given in italics while numbers and mathematical expressions should be given with normal characters. The formulas should be given as 12 points. The equations must be cited in the text and given as "equation 1"
13) Manuscript file format
We request to submit an article in Microsoft Word format (.DOC). If you are using another word processor, please save the final version of the manuscript (using the 'Save As' option of the File menu) as a Word document. In this case, please double-check that the saved file can be opened in Microsoft Word. We cannot accept PDF or any other text files.
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